A hyperopic eye is usually an eye that is too short or not powerful enough and requires optical correction in convergent lenses. The refractive power of the eye is not enough to make near light converge, so near objects are blurred. In contrast, light reaching the eye from a distance converges normally and therefore distant objects are in focus. The hyperopic eye is exposed to the risk of glaucoma because it presents a narrower anatomical conformation. There is a risk of functional amblyopia in young children.

Astigmatism is usually related to a defect in the curvature of the cornea that is slightly oval in shape instead of round. Astigmatism is characterized by a distortion of the images. Thus a circle will appear elongated. Vision is cloudy both near and far. An astigmatic eye requires a cylindrical correction with different powers depending on the axes. The most frequent case is direct astigmatism where the correction on the vertical axis (90 °) is greater than on the horizontal axis (0 °).

With age the gradual loss of elasticity of the lens leads to presbyopia. Presbyopia is the loss of accommodation associated with age. That is to say the ability to focus between far and near vision. Presbyopia is not a disease but a normal manifestation of age. It more readily affects hyperopic subjects than myopic subjects. It affects all people, usually from the age of 45 and changes over time.